Basic of Civil Engineering

      Stones form one of the most important building materials in civil engineering. Stones are derived from rocks, which form the earth's crust and have no definite shape or chemical combination but are mixtures of two or more minerals. The mineral is a substance which is formed by the natural inorganic process and possesses a definite chemical combination and molecular structure. They are strong, durable and descent in appearance Application and uses of Stones  Uses of stones: Face work ·          Stones are adopted to give Massive appearance to the structure, walls are of the bricks and facing is done in stones of desired shades. This is known as composite masonry Paving Stones are used to cover floor of building of various types such as residential, commercial industrial etc. They are also adopted to form paving of roads, footpath etc. Basic materials Stones are disintegrated and converted which are called as aggregates to

 One of the oldest building material brick continues to be the most popular and leading construction material because of being cheap, durable and easy to handle and work with. Clay bricks are used for building-up exterior and interior walls, partitions, piers, footings, pavement and other load-bearing structures. A brick is rectangular in shape and of the size that can be conveniently handled with one hand. Brick may be made of burnt clay or mixture of sand and lime or of Portland cement concrete. Clay bricks are commonly used since these are economical and easily available. clay is plastic earth, is constituted largely of sand an alumina and may contain various quantities of chalk, iron oxide, magnesia, alumina etc. Brick plays a very important role in the field of civil engineering construction. Bricks are used as an alternative of stones in construction purpose. Here some main uses of construction brick are given below. Construction of walls of any size Construction of floors Constr

  Engineering is a profession of converting scientific knowledge into useful practical applications, where the materials & forces in nature are effectively used for the benefit of mankind. An Engineer is a person who plays a key role in such activities. Civil engineering is the second oldest branch after military engineering. The professional civil engineers are concerned with projects for the public or civilians. The role of civil engineers is seen in every walk of life or infrastructure development activity such as follows:- 1.       Complete construction project s by preparing engineering design and documents and confirming specifications. 2.       Providing shelter to people in the form of low-cost houses to high rise apartments. 3.       Laying ordinary village roads to express highways. 4.       Constructing irrigation tanks, multipurpose dams & canals for supplying water to agricultural fields. 5.       Supplying safe and potable water for public & industrial uses. 6